Marshall

SLM Additive Manufacturing of Porous Biological Titanium Alloy Implant Materials: Optimized Combination of Mechanics, Physics and Topology _ Structure

Original Title SLM Additive Manufacturing of Porous Bio-Titanium Alloy Implant Materials An Optimized Combination of Mechanical Physical and Topological The technology of orthopedic implants is in the process of continuous improvement which is used to continuously improve the interaction with the surrounding bone tissue and its purpose is to ensure a better implant effect for patients A ti6al4v successful biological response between the implant and the surrounding bone is largely dependent on the combined results of mechanical property physical and topological properties Therefore the Ti6Al4V microporous structure is the most effective solution to solve and improve the traditional orthopedic implants This paper introduces a series of solutions to improve the design of microporous Ti6Al4V structures fabricated by SLM The elastic modulus of the prepared microporous structure was evaluated by three-point bending The results of the topography analysis are used to evaluate the difference between the CAD design dimensions and the actual manufacturing dimensions of the SLM Finite element analysis (adjusted CAD) uses experimentally derived dimensional data to accurately replicate the properties of SLM-fabricated structures A linear regression equation associated with the measured SLM dimensions as a function of the established CAD model of the design This regression equation is obtained by measuring the relationship between the actual porosity and the designed CAD dimensions The measured data can be further used as a reference for FE analysis and design thereby further helping engineering designers to fabricate near-net-shape SLM-fabricated microporous Ti6Al4V structures In addition the polished and sandblasted Ti6Al4V microporous structured surface can obtain suitable properties compared to the as-fabricated surface obtained both in terms of surface roughness and wettability Capillary tests show that all the analyzed Ti6Al4V microporous structures can transport liquid along their surface structures The cell viability test structure showed that the Ti6Al4V microporous structure fabricated by SLM did not release toxic substances This suggests that this structure may ensure a suitable environment for cell proliferation and attachment This research result also suggests a design strategy for the microporous structure of Ti6Al4V That is to say it not only has the appropriate mechanical property but also has the appropriate porosity roughness wettability capillary action and cell survival rate which are closely related to the performance of orthopaedic implants Finally a prototype hip implant with Ti6Al4V microporous structure was fabricated by SLM technology and the appropriate characteristics of the implant were also obtained during SLM fabrication Schematic drawing from CAD to finished product when manufacturing with SLM technology Research results The linear regression equation between the physical sample manufactured by SLM and the size of CAD structure is proposed The Ti6Al4V microporous structure with a porosity of about 65% has a suitable elastic modulus The cell titanium round bar viability test proves that the SLM structure does not release toxic substances The surface of the sample after polishing and sandblasting has super-hydrophilicity; The prototype of Ti6Al4V microporous hip implant was fabricated by SLM technology SLM technology is a high-performance metal additive manufacturing technology which selectively melts metal powder melts it one by one and accumulates it layer by layer according to the designed CAD model so as to obtain metal products SLM technology has the advantage of a high degree of design freedom Using SLM technology engineering designers can design products with complex shapes and personalized features such as porous structures This is impossible or difficult to achieve by traditional casting and forging processes Mechanical system for three-point bending tests on SLM-fabricated samples Expand the full text There is a broad market for SLM to manufacture porous metals because porous materials are particularly suitable for applications in the biological field especially as orthopaedic implants For example the microporous structure of Ti6Al4V has multifunctional characteristics and the modulation of mechanical property physical properties and biological properties can be realized on one component The accuracy of porous materials made by SLM is a big challenge ti6al4v eli which is caused by the difference between the CAD design size and the SLM printing size of the technology itself This difference in shape and size is detectable by the system

In this regard predictive software or on-line monitoring techniques are required to detect the difference between the two in order to achieve the desired porous structure ie both physical and mechanical property need to be met The finite element simulation technique in balance with experimental studies can be used as an engineering tool to predict and correct for inherent deviations in SLM manufacturing Meshing of FE Simulation titanium sheet grade 5 of SP1 Node The successful biological response of the implant and bone depends on the mechanical property the topologically optimized structure and the physical and chemical properties of the implant Ti6Al4V is widely used in orthopedic surgery because of its high specific strength good biocompatibility good corrosion resistance and low elastic modulus compared with stainless steel and Co-based alloys However the elastic modulus of Ti6Al4V (approximately 110 GPa) is still high compared to human cortical bone (10-30 GPa) This results in a stiffness mismatch between the implant material and the surrounding bone resulting in a stress distribution that is not sufficiently uniform at the interface Bone resorption around the implant is not detected until a certain critical point generally 10-20 years after the implant surgery when revision surgery is required Here the Ti6Al4V structural material does not match the elastic modulus of bone and its elastic modulus matching can reduce and avoid the problem of stiffness mismatch with bone SEM photos of microporous structure of SP1 SP3 and SP5 titanium alloy Topology optimization of implant materials directly affects the biological effects of bone Moderate surface roughness (Ra = 2-4 μm) has been shown in clinical practice to result in early healing promoting cell spreading and tissue fusion At the same time it has also been reported that it can promote the differentiation of bone cells reduce the cells that destroy bone growth and promote the growth and mineralization of bone The comparison titanium plate gr7 between the size designed by CAD and the size actually printed by SLM under the same scale The surface energy of the implant is another important surface characteristic which also plays an important role in the integration of the implant and bone This characteristic is usually indirectly measured by the solid-liquid contact angle (wetting angle) At the same time related studies have found that hydrophilic surface is more conducive to cell adhesion cell differentiation and cell mineralization Capillarity is the ability of a liquid to flow backward through a narrow space against an external force such as gravity Capillary capacity is also very important for cell adhesion and cell self-seeding of scaffolds SEM photos of SP3 and SP5 samples in three different States of SLM deposition polishing and sandblasting Here a Ti6Al4V microporous structure was designed and fabricated by SLM equipment with the aim of obtaining an implant with a suitable combination of elastic modulus porosity surface roughness wettability and capillarity Hydrophilic effect of SP4 samples in the as-deposited state Hydrophilic experiment results of sp5 sample in (a) polished state and (B) sandblasted state The time span of the capillary experiment and its corresponding height result Prototype of Ti6Al4V microporous hip implant fabricated in SLM Additive manufactured porous biomaterials targeting orthopedic implants A suitable combination of mechanical physical and topological properties，Materials Science and Engineering C，Volume 107 February 2020 110342， https//doiorg/101016/jmsec2019110342 Return to Sohu to see more Responsible Editor yunchtitanium.com

1.75mm! RM once again surpasses and proves itself _ movement _ balance _ thickness

Originally published as 175mm! RM has surpassed and proved himself again Depth/degree/minute/analysis/member Whenever you mention RICHARD MILLE what do you think of Is it innovative materials high-tech or avant-garde appearance light weight Now there is another pronoun-the king of ultra-thin Just last week RICHARD MILLE launched the RM UP-01 FERRARI watch with Ferrari As we all know since last titanium plate gr7 year the two have formally established a long-term partnership and it is perfectly normal to launch a cooperative model However the reason why this wristwatch has flooded the whole network is that the whole watch has refreshed the latest world record of 18 mm a few months ago with a thickness of 175 mm RICHARD MILLE has never been disappointing The thickness of the watch case does not seem to matter but it may become a burden for the wearer both visually and physically and ultra-thin watches emerge as the times require But ultra-thin is not just as simple as watch case lightening it has extremely stringent requirements for the movement after a long period of market choice only a few strong watch brands are still working tirelessly to break through and innovate In fact strictly speaking RICHARD MILLE is not an expert in the field of ultra-thin watches but this brand is born to refuse to lose either do nothing or do the best character so that they often break through the imagination of the limits of watches this RM UP-01 FERRARI wristwatch came out in the air It is the best evidence that RICHRAD MILLE has surpassed itself again Expand the full text Many people will find that its design is different from the previous watches at the first sight of the chart from the original vertical barrel type to the horizontal barrel type and behind this change in appearance there are many RICHARD MILLE "" Niubi "technologies Previously in order to achieve the ultimate ultra-thin other brands adopted the design of "using the case as the bottom plate of the movement" but this RM UP-01 FERRARI watch the titanium exhaust tubing case and the movement are completely independent the thickness of the whole watch is 175 mm and the thickness of the movement is only 118 mm Because the challenge of ultra-thin watches requires abandoning the traditional movement design of superimposed gears and pointers RICHARD MILLE chooses to disperse the parts that can not be superimposed to a wider plane creating a perfect symbiosis between the movement and the case while ensuring the necessary rigidity of both Seen from the front the time display area is very small In the upper part of the center the upper part of the left side is the function selector which can select the winding or time adjustment and the lower part is the specific operating point; the upper half of the right side is the explicit balance wheel and the lower part is Ferrari's classic Prancing Horse logo Titanium alloy is selected as the case material of RM UP-01 Ferrari watch because of its lightweight and laboratory-proven impact resistance and its waterproof depth can reach 10 meters Two sapphire crystal mirrors (02 mm at the thinnest point) one mounted on the time indicator with the hands fixed directly to the gears and the other mounted on the balance and hairspring mechanism show the operation of the movement while the thickness is reduced to two tenths of a millimeter and the diameter is carefully calculated to meet the resistance requirements of the test phase In order to ensure the ideal operation of the transmission mechanism the bottom plate and the bridge plate are also made of five-grade titanium alloy which ensures the perfect thinness without affecting the hardness From a technical point of view titanium sheet grade 5 the RM UP-01 FERRARI watch can be 005 mm thinner than 18 mm because RICHARD MILLE has innovated the escapement part and won a patent

Traditional Swiss mechanical watches mostly use lever escapements with fork nails and balance plates inside which can prevent the anchor from slipping during the free movement of the balance wheel but the problem is that the structure 6al4v titanium bar of these two parts is vertical that is to say they need longitudinal space and can not reduce the thickness In order to reduce the thickness RICHARD MILLE has eliminated the fork nail and the small plate of the balance wheel and through the patented new escapement structure it has replaced these "anti-rollover" elements with the unprecedented use of a longer escapement fork with a new fork mouth At the same time the movement also cancels the fast and slow needle system uses the variable inertia balance wheel made of titanium alloy and is equipped with six weights that can fine-tune and calibrate the speed control mechanism which solves the biggest problem of ultra-thin watches and reduces 005 mm naturally In addition it can be seen that this watch has no crown because in order to ensure the extreme thinness of the watch RICHARD MILLE has rethought the winding mechanism and eliminated the winding shaft (because its minimum diameter is 15 mm it can not be included in such a thin watch) RICHARD MILLE's solution to this is to use two crowns one for function selection and the other for adjustment of the selected function both of which are integrated into the case as movement gears resulting in the design we have seen above As Salvador Arbona technical director of RICHARD MILLE movement said "Even in the ultra-thin series we have to create a watch that meets the brand's standards" In the pursuit of absolute thinness we are not creating a'concept watch ' but making it meet the wearer's daily needs in any environment Like all previous RICHARD MILLE watches the brand always puts practicality nickel titanium wire in the first place on top of all innovations first of all the necessary shock resistance and impact resistance of the watch so the RM UP-01 movement inside the watch can withstand acceleration of more than 5000 G Looking back on the connection between RICHARD MILLE and Ferrari from the pursuit of high technology to the use of similar materials as well as the passion for their respective fields all of these are based on the common values of both sides courage to try assiduous study and excellence which also gives a competitive spirit to this cooperation project Is essential in an exciting adventure Wen | Xilin Design | Jili Figure | From the brand partly from the network More exciting content can be found on the official WeChat account of Time Square Time Concept Welcome to pay attention! Return to Sohu to see more Responsible Editor (function() { function getBrandHtml() { var brands = [] html = ''; for(var i = 0; i < brandslength; i++) { var brand = brands[i]; if(brandslength i+1) { html+= ''+brandname+''; } else { html+= ''+brandname+'、'; } } return html; }; if(documentgetElementById('linkBtn')){ documentgetElementById('linkBtn')onclick = function() { $('#brands')removeClass('brand');$ ( '# tipInfo')text ( 'Real name responded'); $ ('#linkBtn')remove();$ ('real-response content')css('line-height' '20px');$ ('real-response time')css('line-height' '20px'); }; documentgetElementById('brands')innerHTML = getBrandHtml(); }; })();。 yunchtitanium.com

1.75mm! RM once again surpasses and proves itself _ movement _ balance _ thickness

Originally published as 175mm! RM has surpassed and proved himself again Depth/degree/minute/analysis/member Whenever you mention RICHARD MILLE what do you think of Is it innovative materials high-tech or avant-garde appearance light weight Now there is another pronoun-the king of ultra-thin Just last week RICHARD MILLE launched the RM UP-01 FERRARI watch with Ferrari As we all know since last titanium plate gr7 year the two have formally established a long-term partnership and it is perfectly normal to launch a cooperative model However the reason why this wristwatch has flooded the whole network is that the whole watch has refreshed the latest world record of 18 mm a few months ago with a thickness of 175 mm RICHARD MILLE has never been disappointing The thickness of the watch case does not seem to matter but it may become a burden for the wearer both visually and physically and ultra-thin watches emerge as the times require But ultra-thin is not just as simple as watch case lightening it has extremely stringent requirements for the movement after a long period of market choice only a few strong watch brands are still working tirelessly to break through and innovate In fact strictly speaking RICHARD MILLE is not an expert in the field of ultra-thin watches but this brand is born to refuse to lose either do nothing or do the best character so that they often break through the imagination of the limits of watches this RM UP-01 FERRARI wristwatch came out in the air It is the best evidence that RICHRAD MILLE has surpassed itself again Expand the full text Many people will find that its design is different from the previous watches at the first sight of the chart from the original vertical barrel type to the horizontal barrel type and behind this change in appearance there are many RICHARD MILLE "" Niubi "technologies Previously in order to achieve the ultimate ultra-thin other brands adopted the design of "using the case as the bottom plate of the movement" but this RM UP-01 FERRARI watch the titanium exhaust tubing case and the movement are completely independent the thickness of the whole watch is 175 mm and the thickness of the movement is only 118 mm Because the challenge of ultra-thin watches requires abandoning the traditional movement design of superimposed gears and pointers RICHARD MILLE chooses to disperse the parts that can not be superimposed to a wider plane creating a perfect symbiosis between the movement and the case while ensuring the necessary rigidity of both Seen from the front the time display area is very small In the upper part of the center the upper part of the left side is the function selector which can select the winding or time adjustment and the lower part is the specific operating point; the upper half of the right side is the explicit balance wheel and the lower part is Ferrari's classic Prancing Horse logo Titanium alloy is selected as the case material of RM UP-01 Ferrari watch because of its lightweight and laboratory-proven impact resistance and its waterproof depth can reach 10 meters Two sapphire crystal mirrors (02 mm at the thinnest point) one mounted on the time indicator with the hands fixed directly to the gears and the other mounted on the balance and hairspring mechanism show the operation of the movement while the thickness is reduced to two tenths of a millimeter and the diameter is carefully calculated to meet the resistance requirements of the test phase In order to ensure the ideal operation of the transmission mechanism the bottom plate and the bridge plate are also made of five-grade titanium alloy which ensures the perfect thinness without affecting the hardness From a technical point of view titanium sheet grade 5 the RM UP-01 FERRARI watch can be 005 mm thinner than 18 mm because RICHARD MILLE has innovated the escapement part and won a patent

Traditional Swiss mechanical watches mostly use lever escapements with fork nails and balance plates inside which can prevent the anchor from slipping during the free movement of the balance wheel but the problem is that the structure 6al4v titanium bar of these two parts is vertical that is to say they need longitudinal space and can not reduce the thickness In order to reduce the thickness RICHARD MILLE has eliminated the fork nail and the small plate of the balance wheel and through the patented new escapement structure it has replaced these "anti-rollover" elements with the unprecedented use of a longer escapement fork with a new fork mouth At the same time the movement also cancels the fast and slow needle system uses the variable inertia balance wheel made of titanium alloy and is equipped with six weights that can fine-tune and calibrate the speed control mechanism which solves the biggest problem of ultra-thin watches and reduces 005 mm naturally In addition it can be seen that this watch has no crown because in order to ensure the extreme thinness of the watch RICHARD MILLE has rethought the winding mechanism and eliminated the winding shaft (because its minimum diameter is 15 mm it can not be included in such a thin watch) RICHARD MILLE's solution to this is to use two crowns one for function selection and the other for adjustment of the selected function both of which are integrated into the case as movement gears resulting in the design we have seen above As Salvador Arbona technical director of RICHARD MILLE movement said "Even in the ultra-thin series we have to create a watch that meets the brand's standards" In the pursuit of absolute thinness we are not creating a'concept watch ' but making it meet the wearer's daily needs in any environment Like all previous RICHARD MILLE watches the brand always puts practicality nickel titanium wire in the first place on top of all innovations first of all the necessary shock resistance and impact resistance of the watch so the RM UP-01 movement inside the watch can withstand acceleration of more than 5000 G Looking back on the connection between RICHARD MILLE and Ferrari from the pursuit of high technology to the use of similar materials as well as the passion for their respective fields all of these are based on the common values of both sides courage to try assiduous study and excellence which also gives a competitive spirit to this cooperation project Is essential in an exciting adventure Wen | Xilin Design | Jili Figure | From the brand partly from the network More exciting content can be found on the official WeChat account of Time Square Time Concept Welcome to pay attention! Return to Sohu to see more Responsible Editor (function() { function getBrandHtml() { var brands = [] html = ''; for(var i = 0; i < brandslength; i++) { var brand = brands[i]; if(brandslength i+1) { html+= ''+brandname+''; } else { html+= ''+brandname+'、'; } } return html; }; if(documentgetElementById('linkBtn')){ documentgetElementById('linkBtn')onclick = function() { $('#brands')removeClass('brand');$ ( '# tipInfo')text ( 'Real name responded'); $ ('#linkBtn')remove();$ ('real-response content')css('line-height' '20px');$ ('real-response time')css('line-height' '20px'); }; documentgetElementById('brands')innerHTML = getBrandHtml(); }; })();。 yunchtitanium.com